
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
Basics first, then never stop branching out.
I use a mix of classical and musical theatre vocal practices that I often reference myself when working on any type of music, all stemming from very basic techniques—confidence in pitch, melodies, runs, feeling more comfortable with different parts of your range—and getting more specific the more you branch out. I like to hone in on what kinds of music my students are interested in, while also stressing the value in knowing the theory behind the music you're performing. But most importantly, gaining confidence and feeling more comfortable within yourself and your body, becoming more aware of areas of tension and finding a way to release it, helps with monumental breakthroughs that I still constantly find myself.
My Favorite Things to Teach
- Instruments: Vocals, Piano, Keyboard & Synth, Saxophone
- Pursuits: Composition & Arranging, Improvisation, Music Life Mentoring, Music Theory, Performance, Songwriting
- Styles: Alternative, Blues, Classical, Electronic/Dance, Jazz, Musical Theatre, Pop, R&B, Rock, Singer/Songwriter, Soul/Funk, Traditional
Ages & Skill Levels
- I work best with students ages 6 and up
- Beginner, intermediate, and advanced students are welcome
Availability & Rates
- All lessons are currently conducted virtually
- Mondays–Thursdays: 2:00pm–8:00pm
- Fridays: 12:00pm–5:00pm
- Saturdays: 11:00am–5:00pm
- 30 minutes: $35
- 60 minutes: $65
Use the calendar below to check upcoming availability and book your next lesson online. If there are no bookings available, or you need a different day or time, contact me at
alexandraraemc@gmail.com to discuss.
MUSIC THEORY • IMPROVISATION • SONGWRITING • COMPOSITION & ARRANGING
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
SAXOPHONE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
VOICE • PIANO • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE
Performance, Improvisation, Music Theory, Songwriting, Composition & Arranging
Learn music with an award-winning pro jazz, pop, & classical vocalist (The Alex McArthur Group, Silver Arrow Band, Vocalis Chamber Choir, Women of Vivaldi, Bobby Militello, George Caldwell, John Bacon Jr., Buffalo Jazz Repertory Ensemble), musical theatre actress, and music educator.
MY FAVORITE THINGS TO TEACH
Instruments:
Keyboard & Synth, Piano, Saxophone, Vocals
Pursuits:
Composition & Arranging, Improvisation, Music Life Mentoring, Music Theory, Performance, Songwriting
Styles:
Alternative, Blues, Classical, Electronic/Dance, Jazz, Musical Theatre, Pop, R&B, Rock, Singer/Songwriter, Soul/Funk, Traditional
Instruments:
Keyboard & Synth, Piano, Saxophone, Vocals
Pursuits:
Composition & Arranging, Improvisation, Music Life Mentoring, Music Theory, Performance, Songwriting
Styles:
Alternative, Blues, Classical, Electronic/Dance, Jazz, Musical Theatre, Pop, R&B, Rock, Singer/Songwriter, Soul/Funk, Traditional
Skill Levels:
Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced

Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
Welcome to Critt's Music Life Studio!
I'm all about the EXPERIENCE of music and the EXPERIENCE of performance. The better your experience, the better the audience's experience. And when the audience has a great experience, that means you've got a career—and a long career at that! Consider me more of a coach—together, we'll tweak what's there, add what isn't, and blend it with a whole lotta YOU so that you not only attain your goals on your instrument, but your goals in your music career and your life.
My Favorite Things to Teach
- Instruments: Saxophone, Vocals, Keyboard & Synth, Drums & Percussion
- Pursuits: Performance, Beat Production, Improvisation, Music Life Mentoring
- Styles: Blues, Hip-Hop/Rap, Jazz, Pop, R&B, Rock, Soul/Funk
Ages & Skill Levels
- I work best with students ages 15 and up
- Intermediate and advanced students are welcome
Availability & Rates
- Lessons are currently conducted either virtually or at my studio in Williamsville, NY (following CDC guidelines for safety)
- Mondays & Wednesdays: 3:30pm–6:00pm
- Tuesdays: 4:30pm–7:00pm
- 30 minutes: $30
- 60 minutes: $60
Use the calendar below to check upcoming availability and book your next lesson online. If there are no bookings available, or you need a different day or time, contact me at
crittenden@buffalomusicclub.com to discuss.
DRUMS & PERCUSSION • SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE
Beat Production, Performance, Improvisation
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
DRUMS & PERCUSSION • SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
IMPROVISATION • BEAT PRODUCTION
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
KEYBOARD & SYNTH • SAXOPHONE • VOICE • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
VOICE • SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
DRUMS & PERCUSSION • SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
SAXOPHONE • KEYBOARD & SYNTH • VOICE • DRUMS & PERCUSSION
Performance, Improvisation, Beat Production
Learn music with an award-winning multi-instrumentalist & entertainer (CRiTT's Juke Joint, Bob Weir and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead, Sinbad the Comedian, Michael Franti, G-Love & Special Sauce, Jefferson Airplane/Starship, Dirty Dozen Brass Band), music educator (IMAGE Urban Arts Workshop, BCAT, BPS), CEO of CRiTT Presents, and co-founder of Buffalo Music Club.
MY FAVORITE THINGS TO TEACH
Instruments:
Drums & Percussion, Keyboard & Synth, Saxophone, Vocals
Pursuits:
Beat Production, Improvisation, Music Life Mentoring, Performance
Styles:
Blues, Hip-Hop/Rap, Jazz, Pop, R&B, Rock, Soul/Funk
Instruments:
Drums & Percussion, Keyboard & Synth, Saxophone, Vocals
Pursuits:
Beat Production, Improvisation, Music Life Mentoring, Performance
Styles:
Blues, Hip-Hop/Rap, Jazz, Pop, R&B, Rock, Soul/Funk
Skill Levels:
Intermediate, Advanced

Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
Putting the "fun" back in the fundamentals.
One-on-one music lessons with Jon Lehning cover all fundamentals of the student's instrument and overall musicianship, including any music that the student wants to work on personally, music from school, or suggestions by Jon. Studies can also be designed to focus on whatever the student's particular interests and goals or strengths and weaknesses are—whether it's a particular styles of music you want to learn how to play, or a specific aspect of your playing that you want to improve, Jon can help you reach your goals.
My Favorite Things to Teach
- Instruments: Saxophone, Clarinet, Flute, Piano
- Pursuits: Improvisation, Music Life Mentoring, Music Theory, Performance
- Styles: Blues, Classical, Jazz, Pop, R&B, Soul/Funk
Ages & Skill Levels
- I work best with students ages 6 and up
- Beginner, intermediate, and advanced students are welcome
Availability & Rates
- Lessons are currently conducted virtually or at my studio in Niagara Falls, NY (following CDC guidelines for safety)
- Mondays: 11:30am–1:30pm, 8:00pm–9:00pm
- Tuesdays: 12:00pm–2:00pm, 5:00pm–9:00pm
- Thursdays: 12:00pm–3:00pm, 7:00pm–9:00pm
- Fridays: 4:00pm–7:00pm
- 30 minutes: $35
- 60 minutes: $60
Use the calendar below to check upcoming availability and book your next lesson online. If there are no bookings available, or you need a different day or time, contact me at
jrl5874@aol.com to discuss.
IMPROVISATION • MUSIC THEORY
Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
PIANO • SAXOPHONE • CLARINET • FLUTE
Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
SAXOPHONE • CLARINET • FLUTE • PIANO
Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
SAXOPHONE • CLARINET • FLUTE • PIANO
Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
SAXOPHONE • CLARINET • FLUTE • PIANO
Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
SAXOPHONE • CLARINET • FLUTE • PIANO
Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
SAXOPHONE • CLARINET • FLUTE • PIANO
Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
SAXOPHONE • CLARINET • FLUTE • PIANO
Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
SAXOPHONE • CLARINET • FLUTE • PIANO
Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
SAXOPHONE • CLARINET • FLUTE • PIANO
SAXOPHONE • CLARINET • FLUTE • PIANO
Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
SAXOPHONE • CLARINET • FLUTE • PIANO
Performance, Improvisation, Music Theory
Learn music with a pro saxophonist, pianist, music educator, and performer (Silver Arrow Band).
MY FAVORITE THINGS TO TEACH
Instruments:
Clarinet, Flute, Piano, Saxophone
Pursuits:
Improvisation, Music Life Mentoring, Music Theory, Performance
Styles:
Blues, Classical, Jazz, Pop, R&B, Soul/Funk
Instruments:
Clarinet, Flute, Piano, Saxophone
Pursuits:
Improvisation, Music Life Mentoring, Music Theory, Performance
Styles:
Blues, Classical, Jazz, Pop, R&B, Soul/Funk
Skill Levels:
Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced